The questions that come up night after night, ranked by how many of the transcribed streams they came up in. Each one has my short answer and the paper behind it.
In the 43,548-person Pfizer trial, side effects were short-term and mild to moderate: sore arm, fatigue, headache. Serious adverse events were low and similar in the vaccine and placebo groups.
Redrawn from published values.
Polack FP, et al. Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:2603-2615. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2034577
Yes. The IPCC's 2021 assessment calls human-caused warming unequivocal.
"It is unequivocal that human influence has warmed the atmosphere, ocean and land."
IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report. Read the report
The earliest known cases clustered around the Huanan market, and virus-positive samples tracked with stalls selling live mammals. The authors say the upstream events remain unknown. The debate is live on the show.
Worobey M, et al. The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan was the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Science. 2022;377:951-959. doi:10.1126/science.abp8715
No figure redrawn for this paper. The key result is in the answer above, the citation links to the source.
No. 657,461 Danish children, and a meta-analysis of more than 1.2 million more, found no link.
Redrawn from published values.
Hviid A, Hansen JV, Frisch M, Melbye M. Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccination and Autism: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(8):513-520. doi:10.7326/M18-2101
The meta-analysis mentioned in the answer:
Redrawn from published values.
Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD. Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Vaccine. 2014;32(29):3623-9. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085
Receipt in review. Dose matters here, so this one needs a careful write-up before it goes on the site.
Yes. SARS-CoV-2 was isolated in human airway cells, sequenced, and imaged in January 2020.
Zhu N, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:727-733. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
No figure redrawn for this paper. The key result is in the answer above, the citation links to the source.
Yes. One E. coli population evolved the ability to use citrate, which its ancestors could not do, after about 31,500 generations.
Redrawn from published values.
Blount ZD, Borland CZ, Lenski RE. Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli. PNAS. 2008;105(23):7899-906. doi:10.1073/pnas.0803151105